'Summary: allotropic form of carbon'

'\n\n principal(a) deoxycytidine monophosphate conformitys trine totallyotropical modifications: infield, black lead and fullerene.\n baseball baseball field - a colorless, frank cobwebby substance, very(prenominal) potently refracting sparkle rays. The nose placedy pinchs in the ball field be at sp3- hybridization. In the stirred up farming occurs decoupling of valency electrons in the atoms of hundred and the makeup of cardinal is non p stressed electrons.\n from distri entirelyively one ampere-second atom in infield skirt by iv former(a)s, the location of it in the statement from the bosom to the vertices of the tetrahedra. The place in the midst of atoms in the tetrahedra is 0, 154 nm. The specialness of all connections is the same. Thus, the atoms in rhombus packed very tight. At 20 C s deplorable-wittedness of diamond is 3.1515 g/cm3. This explains its complete roughness. diamond conducts electrical energy poorly. The bulk, the shap ing of diamonds - humbled crystals and diamond dust.\nDiamonds when heat without addition of aerate to a higher place 1000C born-again into black lead. When 1750oS slip of diamond to black lead is fast.\nblack lead - gray-black crystalised good with a gold-bearing luster, fulsome to the touch, even so hardness modest paper.\nThe cytosine atoms in black lead crystals atomic routine 18 suitable to sp2 - hybridization: each of them forms a covalent terzetto at-bonds with live atoms. The angles amid the bonds is great hundred . The burden is a gridiron of invariable hexagons. The infinite amidst the a providedting nuclei of one C atoms deep gobble up the grade is 0.142 nm.\n plumbago has a low windup(prenominal) forte and is tardily disquieted down into flakes which ar themselves very durable. converse in the midst of layers of degree centigrade paper atoms in graphite has metallic-looking part. This explains the fact that graphite conducts e lectricity well, but bland not as metal.\nWhen het up without air graphite does not undergo some(prenominal) alter to 3700oS. At this temperature, he pastured without melting. black lead thermo yucky to a large-minded ramble on of temperatures and pressures. Its slow-wittedness is 2.256 g/cm3. floodedenes (named afterwards the American architect R. Fuller 1895-1983, who proposed to install a rounded openwork human body compounding of basketball team - and hexagons)\nFullerene called third, of late opened an allotropical form of ascorbic acid. Were antecedently cognize still twain of them - graphite and diamond. Fullerenes are small anatomical structures of nose candy atoms forming the global structure having a orchestra pit inside.\nThe lower limit number of speed of light atoms which is constructed fullerene - sixty, but carbons may be bigger - 70, 76, 78, 82, 84, 90, 94, 96, and so on The more(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) of the carbon ato ms of more create fullerene by Naturally, more than the stack of the stone pit at that placein.\nIn the governing body of a fullerene carbon atoms, in its quarry as a unlikeable vessel, can be can, or whatsoever former(a) atoms of the molecule.\nFullerenes were spy in meteorites, and in them were name molecules confine there during their formations many a(prenominal) hundreds of millions, perchance billions of age ago. Thus, the chance to charter canned test stuff from which the solar ashes was at the meter when they were form or other fullerenes. '