The Hero in John Steinbecks Cannery Row :: Cannery Row Essays

The Failure As Hero in Cannery Row    It is Doc, in Cannery Row, who provides the objective and nonteleological point of imbibe which is to be found in so many of Steinbecks works. For Doc, himself freed from the get-get-get philosophy of the realism of the machine by virtue of his science, his detachwork forcet, his gentleness, and his personal refusal to be pushed into either complaisant Importance or the role of Social Judge, insists that the boys of the Palace Flophouse argon universal symbols rather than mere neer-do-wells. And what they symbolize is simply this the madness of a macrocosm in which those who enjoy liveness most are those whom the world considers failures. For Mack and the boys most certainly are failures-in everything but humanity and life itself   Mack and the boys . . . are the Virtues, the Graces, the Beauties of the hurried mangled craziness of Monterey and the cosmic Monterey where men in fear and hunger destroy their stomachs in the fight to inviolable certain food, where men hungering for love destroy everything lovable about them . . . In the world ruled by tigers with ulcers, rutted by strictured bulls, scavenged by wile jackals, Mac and the boys dine delicately with the tigers, fondle the frantic heifers, and wrap up the crumbs to feed the sea-gulls of Cannery Row. What can it profit a man to gain the all in all world and come to his property with a gastric ulcer, a short-winded prostate, and bifocals? Mack and the boys avoid the trap, step over the poison. . . .   I think they stand firm in this particular world better than other people. In a time when people tear themselves to pieces with ambition and nervousness and covetousness, they are relaxed. either of our so-called successful men are sick men, with toughened stomachs, and bad souls, but Mack and the boys are healthy and curiously clean. They can do what they want. They can satisfy their appetites without calling them something else.   And the final conundrum of all, Doc continues (a paradox which bemuses Ethan Hawley in The Winter of Our Discontent), is the fact that virtues like honesty, spontaneity, and kindness are - in the world of the machine - almost

“Yi-Yi, a One and a Two” Film Assignment

Yi Yi, A One and A Two is a ?lm that has been talking to the highest degree triplet families and their family members lives. Interestingly enough, it seems homogeneous that family members have been focusing on their possess life most of the measure through out the movie. Instead of demonstrate closely shirknected families, the characters in the movie are living their accept lives while living under the same roof. One of the ex antiophthalmic factorles is that when moment arcminute decided to move out, she didnt even talk to NJ nigh this, and when NJ saw her getting on the bus to the mountains, he didnt have the attempt to stop her or ask her why.Which is quite peculiar to closely connected families. Below are the characters family relationship ?gure and theories applied to beg off the events and the relationships I observed in the movie. 1. Bowens Family Systems a. Marital Con?ict Xiao-Yian and Adis marital con?ict was caused by the heraldic bearing of Yun-Yun at Xiao -Yians party. Yun-Yuns Adis ex-girlfriend. But it seemed like Xiao-Yian was not playing fair when the three of them were in a love triangle relationship, which worsened the relationship among the girls. Xiao-Yian got pregnant ?rst and kicked Yun-Yun out of the relationship.Since then, both of them had been hostile towards each other. Thus, Yun-Yuns presence at XiaoYians party was de?nitely not whatsoever(prenominal)thing Xiao-Yian would want to see. Which caused Xiao-Yian and Adis marital con?ict. mo arcminute and NJs marital con?ict, on the other hand, was caused by grannies sudden illness. minute of arc minute of arc felt that exclusively the burdens were on her, and she could not ?nd a way out of the routine work, which do her felt lost and despairing in her life, eventually she could not take it any more than. But NJ was not doing anything before Min Min shouted all these out.However, it was all too late, Min Min decided to leave instead of staying and face all the com plicated troubles. NTU B00610017 Joanne Lin-Jung Chiu b. Triangles /Emotional Distance / Emotional Cutoff There exists an stimulated distance between Lily and her mother. Lilys mother had been busy doing her job and spending lots and lots of time with her new young man. And apparently, Lilys not capable with her mothers new boyfriend. Upon feeling neglected and feeling like an outsider, Lily acted like an outsider. Thus caused an emotional distance between Lily and her mother.As the distance unploughed growing and growing, Lily started to form an emotional cutoff between she and her mother. Instead of repairing the relationship with her mother, she started to rely on her new-formed relationships with merelytery and the other new boyfriend. 2. Brofenbrenners Family in Human Development a. Mesosystem Models To both Yang Yang and sound tinkle, they have their school and equal groups as the mesosystems. Take Yang Yang for example, his experience at school (bullied by the girls and bruise by the teacher) did actually affect his behavior at home (i. . mournful expression).However, ting sounds mesosystem didnt seem as very some(prenominal) affecting to her life and behavior as Yang Yangs in the movie. b. Exosystem Models Min Min and NJ both have their world of work and the neighbors as their exosystems. Min Mins colleagues told her to go to the mountains so that she can turn on from the dull life she had. Her colleagues was some sort of emotional support at the time. Also, the neighbors discussed with Min Min about the new neighbors close life.The neighbors were another emotional support and practical support when grandma bring d admit ill. NJ met Ota at work, who led him to trust deeply into life and valets fear. This besides gave him some support when NJ was facing his ex-lover and his trustworthy family. c. Chronosystem Models There are several transitions that can be found in the ?lm Normative Xiao-Yian and Adis marriage was obviously a pres criptive transition. They got married, shared their lives together. Ting Tings got a new boyfriend (though it only last for a very short time) indeed was a normative transition.But it seemed more like a normative transition to her own instead of to the whole family in the movie, the others werent aware of Ting Tings romantic relationship. NTU B00610017 Joanne Lin-Jung Chiu Non-normative Grandmas coma was a non-normative transition, which made Ting Ting felt worried and guilty, made Min Min stressed and helpless and made the family fell out of balance and in short fell apart. Min Mins moving into the mountains was another non-normative transition. Min Min has endlessly been the one whose been making a lot of run to keep the family functioning.However, when grandma fell ill, the stress, fear and anxiety that fell upon her was farthest beyond the amount that she could handle. And thus she listened to her colleagues advice and moved into the mountains. later she moved into the mount ains, the family looked unaffected because most of them were focusing on their own life. But, that was good how it seemed, the family was actually falling apart (not physically, emotionally instead). 3. Mating Preferences Women exhibit a stronger preference to the men with more ambition, social status, ?nancial wealth and desire for children and a commitment to family.Thats why Adi unploughed boasting how much notes he has or earned, broadcasting what his ambition in work was and aphorism what hes been doing at work made him a socially dominant man through out the entire ?lm, he valued to be popular among women. On the other hand, men exhibit a stronger preference to the women with more features of youthfulness, health, physical seductiveness and attributes that indicates reproductive potential. This explains why Lily and Ting Ting both wore shorter skirts and shorts when dating with a guy &8212 that showed more youthfulness and are probably physically more attractive to men.A nd this also explains why Adi chose Xiao-Yian over Yun Yun, Xiao-Yian was apparently more youthful and physically attractive than Yun Yun. 4. 9 Constraining Beliefs about Mate Selection (Larson, 1992) a. Try Harder Ting Ting fell into this constraining belief when she was trying to convince Fatty to have sex with her in order to show his love to her. contend isnt something that can be improved only through troublesome work. b. FInding a New Love Should Be Easy Lily kept dating new boys and dumping the old ones.I think it could be that she did not think ?nding a love is something difficult or serious. However, love isnt something that can be turned on and off like a switch of the light bulb. NTU B00610017 Joanne Lin-Jung Chiu 5. Marital Processes in Context a. Microcontext Life stressors & Transitions Adi tried to commit a suicide at home but failed, this traumatic event modify marital ties for Xiao-Yian and him. Xiao-Yian and Adi were ?ghting all the time for numerous reasons such as Yun Yuns presence, Adis living habits and money. But aft(prenominal) Adis attempt to suicide, Xiao-Yian tarted to realize how much she needed him, and thus strengthened their marital ties. Grandmas death also strengthened Min Min and NJs marital ties eventually. Soon by and by grandmas gone, Min Min went back home from the mountains and realized how much she needed her family and that life was not as difficult as it seemed like. NJ went back from Japan and learned a lot from Ota. They started to face the events flood tide to them together. Their marriage ties strengthened, the family was united again emotionally. b. Microcontext Children Adi and NJs children both stabilised their marriage.NJ was struggling between Min Min and his ?rst love Sherry after he met her again at Adis wedding banquet after 30 years. Sherry was trying so hard to convince NJ to start a new life with her. But after a second thought, he decided to stay with his family instead of going off with Sherr y. I think apart from what he said in the movie (I would derive the same decision if I have the chance to live in two ways), Yang Yang and Ting Ting should be one of the main reasons why NJ chose to stay. Adi was not over with Yun Yun like what he had said to NJ and Xiao-Yian at all.They still have sexual relationship and ?nancial partnership after they broke up. The main reason why Adi married Xiao-Yian instead of Yun Yun should be XiaoYians pregnancy, which is quite obvious. And the newborn baby became a strong bond that ties Adi to Xiao-Yian somehow. Adi took characterisation tapes for the baby and they took the baby with them when they visited NJ, all these showed that because of the baby, Adi began to make more effort in the family and the baby became something that Adi and Xiao-Yian shared. The baby surely stabilized their marriage in some ways. . Parenting Styles The parenting style in Lilys family could be Uninvolved Style. Thus Lily showed moody, impetuous and alienate d characteristics. In the movie, Lilys mother spend most of her time with her boyfriend. Lilys mother chose to give Lily money and ask her to watch a movie with Ting Ting and spend time with her boyfriend at home instead of going to the movie with her daughter. The parenting style in Ting Tings family, however, is more like Authoritative Style. We could see that Yang Yang is a friendly and explorative child, while TingNTU B00610017 Joanne Lin-Jung Chiu Ting is independent and optimistic. NJ always shows an positive attitude towards Yang Yangs questions and problems. For example, when Yang Yang was asking NJ questions like what mickle see and what people cannot see? , NJ didnt show any negative expressions, instead, he answered each questions Yang Yang asked patiently. NJ also taught Yang Yang rules. When Yang Yang was being coarse by staring at the neighbor in sunglasses, NJ told him not to do so and explained why its wrong to do that after they got to the parking lot.

The Just or Unjust

In reading Dantes Inferno, there were many but penalisations that correlated with there punishments. There argon three that stand by as just and equal to the vices that were committed. The case tellers, hypocrites and thieves are more or less examples of adapted punishments. The fortune tellers predicted the future and for a just punishment they bemuse their heads on backwards, because they looked into the future and at present they drive out only see what is behind them. The hypocrites represent as things that they werent, so now in hell, they are in whizz cloaks and burnt pose as something they are not.Lastly, the thieves stole from people, now in hell their hands are bound by reptiles and they are in a pitch full of other reptiles. Dante hold back the fortune tellers, hypocrites, and thieves a suitable and just punishment for their sin. First, Bolgia 4 is about the result Tellers/Diviners. Their sin was to see into the future. The punishment for the fortune tellers was their heads were turned backwards. They now cant see ahead of them, which is a difficult thing to do. In this case, it is not really torture because it isnt painful and it correlates with their sin.God would possibly back up this as a punishment for those who try to look into the future. In the canto, Dante sees these people with their heads on backwards and the sight of them could possibly lead you to the destination of them existence fortune tellers or diviners. Dante could have been cruel and made some kind of painful punishment that ca utilize them agony, but he gave them one of which brings them no pain. It just makes their eternal life a struggle of not being able to see where they are heading.Next, the hypocrites are punished accordingly to their sin. They acted as if they supported a topic, then turn around and say they wear downt support that same topic. This could have applied to people, politics, life lessons and so on Dante gives them the punishment of being in cloaks made of lead and walking in circles. This punishment is an acceptable consequence for being a hypocrite. The cloaks hide them from everyone and they cant mislead people. This seems to be a possible God advance punishment for these people.It would be a little hard to tell what sin the people committed in this canto, but if it were pondered, one could come to get wind why Dante chose this punishment for these people. The thieves also have a just punishment for their sin. They are stuck in a pit full of reptiles while theyre hands are bound behind their backs with snakes. During their entire life they used their hands to steal and commit crimes. Now that they are in hell, they have their hands tied behind their backs so they cant be used. With their hands immobile, they cant steal from anyone ever again.God would encourage this because back in the medieval times they had the saying of an nerve for an eye. They stole with their hands and now their hands are basically stolen from them. Dante give the fortune tellers, hypocrites, and thieves a suitable and just punishment for their sin. In conclusion, Dante picked acceptable punishments for the sins committed by these people. God might find these consequences suitable in that they go along with the sins. Dante didnt place these people here just because he thought they should or out of hate, he put them there with a just punishment.

Research Topic & Research Proposal Essay

1. What do you think of a near(a) explore case? What ar the key elements of a good seek topic? A good question topic should be of a win objectives and purpose. It should generate question to discover and find out the underlying hassle or understanding a current situation. Therefore the elements of a good look into topic is feasibility, argon the resources available? How long the research could upshot and can that be done with a timeline or it needs to be extended. What are the factors that affect the accuracy of the research and what are the variables that need to be considered In order to assure the up to date presentation of results. Is it worthy? Is it relevant to what is utilise for and search about can what values the research will add into the current practices of the plaque? 1. Assume that you interested in doing some research on the impact of whole tone management practices on organizational performance. Write four research questions that may be appropriate.Wha t are the current feature management practices? What is the link between the quality practices and organization performance  To how extend the quality practices effect the overall organization? be the employees aware of the importance of quality management concept? What is the impact of quality management on employees behavior?  What are the areas of development addressed by the quality management practices? And how it does tactfully eliminate or change the delimit shortfalls. How do the overall objectives of the company align with quality management practices? What are the quality management practices standards employ in the organization? And does it match ISO 90012008 quality standards?3. What is a research project? What are the purposes and key elements of a proposal? Definition It is a document that is typically written by a scientist or academic which describes the ideas for an investigation on a certain topic. The research proposal outlines the process from a rising to end and may be used to request financing for the project, certification for performing certain parts of research of the experiment, or as a required task before beginning a college dissertation.PurposeThere are lots of purposes of research proposal and that could be to investigate an enquiry, finding out about something worthwhile in a particular context. Could be of business ground where is used to finalize a deal or evaluate several supplier for a business proposal. Other purposes is to convince the concerned parties about i.g. a product by showing the results of the research.

One Friday Morning

One Friday sunrise One Friday Morning is written by Langston Hughes in 1950s. The story is about a materialization black girl, Nancy Lee, who recently moved out of the South with her parents so they whitethorn provide her with a better life history and schooling. Very sharp in watercolor icon, she wanted to make that her major in college. . He brings in themes like racism, equal rights between human beings, racial and national vanity and of course the American fancy. His biggest aim is to show the world how black plurality are treated.That America re all(prenominal)y does not fulfill the American dream about all men being equal does not croak up to the declaration of independence. The main characters are Nancy Lee, and head for the hills O chaise. Nancy went to a normal high school in the North of America. She was a smart, entire facial expression, and very in make knownigent girl, who did excellent in school. She was joining the art class, cantabile in the school musical , and playing basketball in her spare time. til at once her white classmates looked upon her as collared. Her mother was a secretary, and her father a mailman.They were all three together living a middle class life in a vertical neighborhood. Her family had worked hard to get Nancy to a good school which could hold in her the opportunity to really become something. Miss OShay, the school principal did her ruff to encourage Nancy Lee not to give up, to fight for her dreams. In the story they compare Miss OShay with the abolitionists and the first white teachers, who fought for the slaves. She is an idealist and against all kind of racism. Every year in school, an art prize is given to the student behind the best picture in art class.This year the prize was dedicated to Nancy Lee. She had create a beautiful and idyllic painting of a accidental edge day in the city park. Children were playing around, smiling an old charwoman was sitting on a bench looking at the American flag, which was placed on the top of a high pole. The picture was Nancys way of showing her dream, the American dream which she believed very strongly in. And now she was to get a prize for her picture. Nancy was told by the school principal, Miss OShay to figure out an acceptance speech, and she certainly did.Nancy prepared some(prenominal) beautiful and emotional sentences. Especially about how gratitude she was on the way of her work who believes deep down to their hearts, in American opportunities and fairness. She really wanted to tell how glad she was that a collared girl was able to get such a prize, that the American dream actually was about to become reality. You can separate that she putted her picture into words. Sadly Nancy never got to hold her speech, the school committee headstrong not to dedicate the yield to her, after discovering that she was a black student.Nancy recognise that America is only what who believe in it, make it. Nancy Lee whitethorn be a colourize g irl, but at times in her new school she forgets that she has different skin color than the rest of the students. Her peers would dominate her race as well, and they saw her as a young and talented individual. This represents foreshadowing that she was not seen as colored although she was. Nancy Lee had painted an award winning piece worthy of a cognition to an art institute.The painting was of her grandmother sitting on a park bench looking at the American flag on a bright sprightly day. Unfortunately, the art institute didnt realize that Nancy Lee was a colored girl at the time they chose her painting. When it was made known, they decided to give the scholarship to a white student as they felt if Nancy Lee were to see the Institute it would cause controversy amongst others. The day Nancy was to receive the award, she was told by her principal, Miss OShay, that she would not acquire this magnificent prize because of the color of her skin.

Effects of Optimism on Psychological and Physical Health

Effects of Optimism on Psychological and Physical health Heather LaBombard PSY/220 The interpretation of the word optimism is a favorable attitude or so conditions or events in animation. Some believe that rosy views in life will check beneficial effectuate on psychological and physical wellness. However, excessive optimism wad make up harmful set up on psychological and physical health. many another(prenominal) tests and research put on been done on people to see if optimism does in fact have an effect on psychological and physical health. tally to one of the articles that I researched about the effects of optimism on physical health suggested that people who have an optimistic view tend to engage in health-promoting actions such as not hummer, not drinking alcohol, watching their diet, apply sunscreen, taking vitamins, and other health-related actions. According to the Encyclopedia of Health and demeanour circumspection (2004) there have been studies on people who o ptimistic about their lives and the studies have shown that the optimistic people are less likely to become spue or to develop a disease as a individual who is pessimistic.In a study that monitored the blood pressure of people doing familiar activities the results showed that a person who was optimistic had less of a chance of gallant blood pressure than a pessimist. Another study has shown that optimism plunder choke to faster recoveries from surgeries or an accident. . However, a person who has an optimistic view may think that everything will go his or her way and that nothing potty go wrong for either one of them. This could antecede them to taking behavioral risks, such as engaging in unprotected sex, drinking alcohol, doing drugs, smoking cigarettes and not taking care of their general health.I know that when I have been pessimistic about events going on in my life I have started to think unhealthy. I tend to become disconsolate more often when I do not have a goo d attitude. When I do think optimistically I am full of energy and I act like I am happy. In my personal opinion I insure that optimism has an impact on physical health and it could be negative or positive. Optimism plays a bullock off in psychological health. According to the article that I researched about the effects of optimism on psychological health optimists face challenges more effectively than pessimists and whence benefit psychologically (Wimberley, Carver, &038 Antoni, 2008).The article is about women who have detractor malignant neoplastic disease and how optimism plays a role in their eudaemonia. Optimism is associated with a lower level of straiten on breast cancer patients. Studies show that optimistic women who have breast cancer feel physically attractive (Wimberley, Carver, &038 Antoni, 2008). The breast cancer patients were similarly optimistic about interpersonal relationships, which is also psychologically rewarding. Studies have shown that optimistic p eople have better interpersonal relationships and social support therefore are more optimistic about their illness because they believe that they have a support system.An optimistic attitude about learning about the education of breast cancer also showed that the women had a better scent out of well-being. Although being optimistic in life is good for psychological well-being, it can also bring some ill effects for a charr who has breast cancer. According to Pinquart, Frohlich, &038 Silbereisen (2007) a woman with breast cancer may develop an optimistic attitude about the diagnosis of breast cancer and expect a good outcome about side effects and the treatment. This does not happen very often, which could lead to psychological distress.I agree with both aspects of effects on psychological and physical health. A person who has a good attitude toward life in general tends to lead a healthier life physically and psychologically. However, having too much optimism in life may be damagi ng to a persons physical health and psychological health. As long as optimism is utilise in a positive way, a person can lead a happy and healthy life. References OPTIMISM, PESSIMISM, AND HEALTH. (2004). In Encyclopedia of Health and Behavior Management, Sage. Retrieved from http//www. credoreference. om/entry/sageeohabm/optimism_pessimism_and_health Pinquart, M. , Frohlich, C. , &038 Silbereisen, R. (2007). Optimism, pessimism, and change of psychological well-being in cancer patients. Psychology, Health &038 Medicine, 12(4), 421-432. doi10. 1080/13548500601084271. Wimberly, S. , Carver, C. , &038 Antoni, M. (2008). Effects of optimism, interpersonal relationships, and distress on psychosexual well-being among women with early stage breast cancer. Psychology &038 Health, 23(1), 57-72. Retrieved from CINAHL Plus with Full school text database.

Faith in “Life of Pi” Essay

How deep is your trustfulness? How strong is your depart to survive if the tables were cancelled and misfortune rocked your boat of brio? Through step to the fore the full(a) novel animation sentence of Pi by Yann Martel, the protagonist Piscine Molitor Patel develops an extreme devotion to perfection. As the bilgewater progresses Pis trustingness becomes stronger, allowing him to enshroud living a peaceful life up to now when intimacys get nearly impossible. Religion keeps Pi busy, happy and most importantly alive. He develops a profound organized religion in idols of 3 different religions (Hinduism, Islam and Christianity), which is portion to the shew when he spends 227 solar days detached on a lifeboat in the peace-loving naval. During those 227 days Pi as a char make a motioner grows immensely and his dogmas be truly put to the test.Eventually the theme of faith leads to the biggest question in the novel afterward Pi tells two completely different stories of his option to the Japanese insurance investigators. Which is the better account? religion is believing what you emergency to hope, yet cannot prove. Sadly, legion(predicate) state live with this definition of faith. For some it feels libe marking. It mover being able to believe in anything no explanation is indispensable or striven it is alone a matter of faith. For others, such a definition is sickening. This definition states as faith increases, reason and heart in the end disappear. Nothing can be proved, so in other delivery living in faith is living in the dark.Religion give save us, I said. Since when I could remember, religions had always been close to my heart. Religion? Mr. Kumar grinned broadly. I dont believe in religion. Religion is darkness.Darkness? I was puzzled. I thought, Darkness is the last thing that religion is. Religion is giddy Pi completely contradicts the statement faith is living in the dark. Faith is not meant to be interpreted in such a way, which is something Pi realizes during the earliest stages of the novel. Pi chooses to believe what he would like to believe, even if it meant victorious several concepts from 3 completely different religions and combining them to create a Utopian religion in a sense.As a child, Pi begins to read a great inwardness and starts embracing more than than save one religion. He notices that their powerful nar behindives pack the ability to provide meaning and dimension to life, which is where Pis inte residuum and faith in treble religions truly begin to develop. In Pondicherry, his atheist biology teacher Mr. Kumar challenges his Hindu faith in God, this makes Pi realize the positive power of tactual sensation and the need to subdue the harshness of the universe. Piscine then becomes incredibly actuate to learn more and begins practicing Christianity and Islam, realizing these religions all share the same foundation belief in a loving higher power.Practicing three diffe rent religions gave Pi the flexibility to choose the good and convenient aspects from each. This allowed him to practice a utopian religion where his curiosity could be satisfied, so Pi became very consecrated to each religion. He went to wor venture at the local mosque, mandir and church lock chose to hide all of this from his parents. Pis faith and belief in God inspires him as a child, keeps him motivated and constantly thinking still most importantly, helps sustain him while at sea.While Pi is in middle the ocean on the lifeboat after the sinking of the TsimTsum, he turns to faith and religion to keep busy and give himself hope. Throughout the novel we suss out that faith and religion is something Pi turns to in pitch to keep himself occupied, specially during his 227 days at sea. On that stormy night, cruising on a ship in the middle of the ocean, Pi lost everything, everything that meant something to him, his family, his protection, the feeling of safety and love. In oth er words, everything that could give him a hint of hope had disappeared in a matter of seconds. In exchange for all of that he was left stranded on a life boat in the peaceable Ocean surrounded with fierce menagerie animals.Even though he had no way of being sure that he would be saved, he still pushed himself to believing that somehow he will be able to overcome the crises that he had fallen in. He prayed to God even though he had no proof He was there moreover he believed that God really was listening. He believed because he had no other choice. In a situation such as this one, Pi needed a miracle. On the lifeboat, prayer becomes a daily routine for the cast away. Each day Pi wakes up, prays, feeds Richard Parker and inspects the raft and lifeboat, which helps him maintain his mental sanity by care busy.His religious rituals allow him to feel a sense of calmness and give him the will to go on. They brought me comfort, that is certain. But it was hard, oh, it was hard. Faith in God is an commencement up, a letting go, a deep trust, a free act of love- only sometimes it was so hard to love. (page 231) Pi admits that it was hard to put his trust in God when it seemed like He wasnt listening, but continues praying, staying faithful and practising his religious rituals throughout the entire 227 days.On a niggling level, Pis faith contributes to his survival by providing daily rituals. On a deeper level, Pis faith contributes to his survival through answered prayers. some(prenominal) times during his experience on the life boat Pi calls to deities during life threatening situations. My heart stopped and then beat triple speed. I turned. Jesus, Mary, Muhammad and Vishnu I saw a sight that will stay with me for the rest of my days. Richard Parker had risen and emerged. He was not fifteen feet from me. Oh, the size of him The hyenas end had come, and mine. Here, Pi who is on the point of death.Richard Parker, a deadly animal, could have easily killed Pi. H owever, due to Pis prayer, he is saved. A rat appeared out of nowhere and Pi is able to fling at Richard Parker who accommodates the rat as an offering and flops back down on the bottom of the lifeboat. Pis prayer along with many others had been answered due to the immense amount of faith and dedication Pi shows throughout the novel.Pi has the faith to go on. Even in the most difficult situations, he realizes that in order to survive or even have the will to survive he must put his trust in God and have faith that things will get better. Pi stays strong and courageous and never has the attitude of defeat, he believes that he will get off the lifeboat eventually. Pi has faith in everything around him, giving him more motivation to continue on with his daily life on the boat.  Throughout the course of this entire novel, Pis faith is put to the test. At the beginning of the novel, an aged Pi states that he can tell a novel that will make the author believe in God, which is true i n many ways. Yann Martel creates two stories on Pis survival in the Pacific while talking to the Japanese insurance investors. One story involving the zoo animals that was very long, fantastical and elaborate and the other that was incredibly brutal and deals immediately with issues such as human brutality and cannibalism. The story with Richard Parker and the zoo animals is told in great depth for 318 pages of the novel, but after the insurance investigators flat out tell Pi We do not believe your story Pi recreates another more believable, yet more gruesome story.In Pis second story he retells the first one but using humans instead. He hints that the zebra is the Japanese sailor (innocent and defeated), Pis mother is the orang-utan,(motherly and caring) the hyena is the cook (pure example of fiendish in humans) and Pi is Richard Parker. In his second story, the cook is a pure example of evil in humans, which is something that many choose to believe that such a thing does not exist. The first story Pi tells is a much more powerful, inspiring story but the second is more believable in many ways. So where does God come in? How can this story make someone believe in God? In a way, Richard Parker represents God. At the end of the novel, when Pi has told his long story to two Japanese insurance investigators but they refuse to believe him, Pi tells a shorter, poor version that is much more believable, but many hate to believe. whence Pi asks the investigators which story they prefer.Many want to believe in the story where Richard Parker existed because its a better story than the one of madness, murder and cannibalism but that is where faith comes in. Faith that Pi was telling the truth the whole time. So what about the prediction at the beginning, that the story will make anyone believe in God? Yann Martel uses the desire to believe in Richard Parker as a stand in for God, creating an analogy, that the readers and audience must make on their own. Pi despe rately wants to believe in God. The whole point of the novel is to imposture the reader into the question, which is the better story?. Of course everyone prefers Richard Parker to be real. The theme is to accept that belief in God is the better story, just how Richard Parker is hoped to be real. Yann Martel states people prefer religion over reality because the story of God is a better story than reality.The novel is an elaborate metaphor to explain why people believe in God. It doesnt say that God exists. It just says people prefer to belief in God because its a better story than how we see reality directly.Conclusion During the course of life of Pi, the theme of faith occurs often. Whether it is keeping Pi educated, alive or even kept in the back of peoples minds long after the novel ends. Faith gives Pi the power to go on, even when he feels as if everything is hopeless. So, without Pis faith in God that he developed near the beginning he would not have do it through the 22 7 long, hard days as sea. And whichever story is right, the better story will always be the one with Richard Parker because faith is God and God is faith.

Critiquing Internet Sources of Family Relations and Dynamics Essay

On this paper, I will be critiquing mesh sources of family relations and dynamics via web logs, characterisations & podcasts. To daytime, the mesh is equipped to handle an visionary amount of information by way of blogs, videos, and podcasts. I will investigate and critique unity blog, unmatched video, and wizard podcast, which provide information that, addresses the upshot of Family Relations and kinetics for my final search paper. The conversation will pass everywhere with the information captured on from each one item, and then I will dispute the authors take and bias on their position, along with two scholarly sources. on that point atomic number 18 near interesting dynamics that happen in a family when children encipher their teen classs. Some snips as a fire it whoremaster be difficult to accept those changes still they ar re tot comp permitelyyy safe a part of our children beginning to grow up. For instance, when my daughter was young she was a daddys girl. If she could pick between me and her father, she would obligate chosen him men d admit. I think she actu every last(predicate)(prenominal)y had him wrapped almost her little finger. When she began to enter her preteen years it started to shift a bit. By the time she turned 12 e verything shifted from dad to mom. Suddenly our relationship became more than(prenominal) important. Now that isnt to say that dad isnt acquireed.But she is just at that grow where she knows that I cornerstone relate to a lot of what she is facing and expiry through, so she feels that connection with me. When my oldest son was younger we were very close. He was what or so may call a mommas boy. He was very dependent on me, even into his centre of attention school years. It wasnt until he hit high school that things began to shift with us (Romero, Stephanie, 2011, Relationship kinetics) The blog above that I wanted for my research on family relationships and dynamics is a very ba sic simulation of the dynamics of a cast family. The power why I chose to do this is because the cases of each family is what I wanted to go under and make clear before starting my paper. In this blog, it mentions how in a family a m separate and father argon being chosen by their children through their different stages of the kids look. For example, the girl was more close to the father, from a younger age, then subsequently the age of 12, the girl shifted her attention to a distaff perspective being the mother.Also, the boys were more inclined to hang around with the mother, reservation them mommas boys, in that location are many another(prenominal) cases alike(p) this in a normal family upbringing. The boys then grew up, just like the girl leaned more to their sexual practice parent for suffice and guidance on their carriage endeavors. I gestate that there are no biases in this blog being identified, and in all actuality, this blog gives us in inside take of a fa mily, which has kids, which afterward chose to switch their parent role preference to someone close to their gender similarity. This happens in real families today in our world, because it is just real life experiences, and the kids simply identify themselves with their parents in life stages. The present battlefield examined whether discrepancies between adolescent and parent ratings of family dynamics predict adolescent well-being over time. Self-report data from 972 adolescent-parent dyads collected at two time points separated by one year were analyzed.Both adolescents and parents rated a variety of family dynamics (e.g., cohesion), and adolescents inform on their levels of well-being (confidence, purpose in life, and prescribed relations with others). real discrepancies between adolescents and parents perceptions of family functioning were found for all positive family dynamics, but not for family conflict. Furthermore, discrepancies increased over time and larger discrepa ncies were noted for older adolescents. Results from the residualized racetrack model showed that discrepancies were bidirectionally related to adolescent well-being. In addition, age was found to mince the predictive model. Specifically, 14-15 year olds (year 10) were found to be more st competent in their well-being over time than younger adolescents. Also, results indicate that well-being is a signifi piece of tailtly stronger prejudicial predictor of discrepancies over time for the 14-15 year olds (year 10) than the for 10-11 year olds (year 6).The authors suggest that future research would benefit from investigations of the relationship between different perspectives of family members and adjustment outcomes of adolescents (Stuart, J., 2012). Draw a small clan in the middle of a piece of paper. Draw a second circle around it, and another, and another. Keep drawing larger and larger circles until you pose 6 circles. In the middle of the smallest circle draw a smiley fa ce, which is you. If you think about all the relationships you have with the great unwashed, you bay window label each of the 5 remaining circles. For example the largest might have the postman, grocery store cashier and the mechanic, while the one closest to you, your spouse. Take some time to think of all the people in your life (friends, family, acquaintances), and place them on the circle that feels recompense for them. at one time you are finished step back and take a grievous look. You might find where you have placed various people interesting. In case you havent realized, the people closest to your smiley face are those you naturally wish to be closest with, while each circle outwards represents more distance. The people in the largest circle are comparatively easy, they dont know your name or anything about you, and because they are at this safe distance you dont have to touch about them as much. As you progress inwards, the people in each circle come closer to knowing the real you, which means they have the opportunity to judge who and what you are, and to hurt you (Greens Release, 2011)Above is a podcasts take on family relations and dynamics, in this podcast it was revealed the functions of having family, friends, acquaintances and other people around you, and how they can happen upon the dynamics of your relationships. The reason why I chose this podcast, as an emphasis in my final research paper is how it demonstrates the truth of family and relationship dynamics can affect your inner circle of close people. I used this podcast on my own self-importance and it was as if I was able to look at the full picture of my friends, family, acquaintances, or coworkers. This revelation was astonishing because I was able to get wind that there are some bad choice of family and friends that I have to keep far from me. The reason why I need to make these changes is simply that those people closest to me are able to bet me naked in other words, as fo r who I am. The people that are close to me can see my fears, weaknesses, flaws, and more of the things that I hold holy and personal.The podcast authors ideas are not subject to being bias, because the linchpin information in how to measure your family, friends and acquaintances level of closeness to one self is being generalized for everyone to use this as a guide. The applicability of this podcast guidepost to measuring the dynamics of family and relationships is useful and it can be helpful. During the 50s, the miserliness was at its highest peak, so families were more functionally defined by the role each family member contributed. In the 50s era, both parents make sure they influenced their children with positivity reinforcement, which allowed for the children to be more receptive to their parents thoughts and respect, because they children at that time had the ability to experience true parenting.Nowadays, parents are no longer providing their children with ampere-second % attention, due to them focusing more on their careers than anything else. Parents who are career think are more prone to sacrifice their families over their careers due to money, but money leads to no real love being giving to their families, which then cause a divorce and family tarring apart. There are also many iodin mothers out there, which have no real male figures in their boys upbringing, so this can hinder the boy to develop feminine characteristics. In addition, singe parenting can have kids raised in a single household face up to famous rappers, or simple looking for every male they meet as a role model, which can lead to danger (SchoolTube, Inc., 2013).The above video demonstrated that the dynamics of family and relationships are not like they used to be. It mentions how as strong American families that we at one time were, we are becoming more susceptible to breaking apart after careers, family, kids, friends and daily life affect those many households. Now, days, boys are becoming more feminized due not having a father figure when growing up. When I was growing up, I had my father, mother, brother and sister, but my family was never there for one another. I chose to be that person who wanted to part of a family, and help my siblings or parents when needed, but this wasnt the case because the male figure in my family chose the easy way out. This easy way out was to just let us pretty much be on our own with no kind words, guidance, emotional connection, I mean my parents house was chaotic. I believe that the video above wasnt biased in any shape or form, because everything that was mentioned in video was pure facts and we can all see how different we as families are evolving into more of a distant household.I believe that this video can relate to millions of families and single parents out there. correspondence the dynamics of contemporary, postmodern families and how these relate to health is critically important to nurses and other he alth care providers throughout the world. Much can be intimate by studying not only ones own culture but also other countries. Thus, the purpose of this study was to comparison family dynamics of families in the coupled States, Finland and Iceland. To date relatively little has been produce related to families in these Nordic countries. Six family dimensions in Barnhills Family health Cycle served as the theoretical framework. Adult respondents (n = 567) purposively selected from varied community groups, perfect the Family Dynamics Measure II (FDM II) and a sociodemographic questionnaire.Main findings from the three countries were positive family dynamics, with mutuality contributing the strongest factor to partially confirm the theoretical propositions in Barnhills Family Health Cycle. Respondents from all countries reported (1) clear communication and flexibleness that contribute to mutuality (2) younger age of respondents and increased education that were associated with mo re positive family dynamics and (3) larger families associated with more negative dynamics. Mixed reports occurred check to gender, with Nordic men tending to perceive some negative dimensions. join was important for more positive family dynamics only in the United States. Families in the United States and in Iceland had in common more negative family dynamics during illnesses. Problems and changes affected mostly families in the United States. In general, families in Finland and Iceland had greater strengths than in the United States. This benchmark study offers information for health practitioners to assist families, as well as contribute to the improvement of family neighborly policies, especially in the United States (White, M. A., Elder, 2010)The influence of web-establish information on orbiculate citizenship and multicultural understanding is aligned to the educating the world about our different cultures, ethnicities, religions, politics, etcetera Whatever informatio n is needed vie web-based has revolutionized to a press of a button and keywords, the internet has become diversified as we have evolved as humans. The multicultural aspect, now defines our web-based realm in ways that scholars continue to study our differences in what has made us become closer each day by the power of the internet.Three factors I believe should be considered when evaluating Internet sources for use in researching information are first, making sure the right keywords are placed in the Google search engine section in order to get the best results. Second, making sure the sources are credible, like can they be proven in a real life experience, scientific data or where researched methods used to analyze source. Third sources, can be taking into account via video, podcast, and blogs, but how are they relevant to your research topic. And are they able to persuade your audience with source information.I have concluded, that after researching and critiquing internet source s of family relations and dynamics via blogs, videos & podcasts they are all pretty much life experiences. Today, the Internet is equipped to handle an deceitful amount of information by way of blogs, videos, and podcasts. After researching and critiquing one blog, one video, and one podcast, the conversation about family relations and dynamics are all pretty similar to one another. The conversations on family relations and dynamics via blog, video and podcast relate to the discussion of real life experiences and amplified understanding of the topic at hand. The authors bias in each social media is based on generalized information, so pulling up credible sources is a unique way to compare researched/scientific data, which can add some credibility to my Final Research Paper.ReferencesGreens Release, 2011, Podcast Relationship Dynamics. Retrieved from http//greenesrelease.com/portfolio/relationship-dynamics/Ramos, Stephanie, February 10, 2011, Relationship Dynamics Retrieved from http//www.families.com/blog/relationship-dynamicsStuart, J., & Jose, P. E. (2012). The Influence of Discrepancies Between Adolescent and Parent Ratings of Family Dynamics on the Well-Being ofAdolescents. Journal Of Family Psychology, 26(6), 858-868. doi10.1037/a0030056 SchoolTube, Inc., 2013 Retrieved fromhttp//www.schooltube.com/video/53bad6719111adc1f08f/Family%20Dynamics White, M. A., Elder, J. H., Paavilainen, E., Joronen, K., Helgadttir, H. L., & Seidl, A. (2010). Family dynamics in the United States, Finland and Iceland. Scandinavian Journal Of Caring Sciences, 24(1), 84-93. doi10.1111/j.1471-6712.2009.00689.x

Animal Mitochondrial Genome

One of the most essential organelles in the living creature cell is the chondriosome, as it is not only the center of adenosine triphosphate production, it also live with a phylo elementtic value that reveals taxonomic relationships among organisms. These argon rod-shaped organelles convert oxygen and glucose into adenosine triphosphate (adenosine triphosphate), other than kn throw as the chemic energy currency of the cell that powers the cells metabolic activities. This kind of respiration is termed oxidative and it supplies energy to most cellular activities.This mode of respiration is more economical than in the absence of oxygen as an oxidative respiration suffer only produce devil ATPs, as opposed to the 36-38 ATPs produced by the aerobic mode. This is why higher life forms be adapted to utilize oxygen for their ATP production (Davidson, 2004). Mitochondria ar hypothesized by scientist to have evolved from a dependent relationship between aerobic bacteria and primor dial eukaryotic cells (W everyace, 2005), otherwise kn avow as the endosymbiont theory. It numbers in common physiological processes such(prenominal) as metabolism, apoptosis, disease, and aging. Being the primary site where oxidative phosphorylation occurs, these double-membrane organelles atomic number 18 efficient in aerobic respiration which allows eukaryotic cells to generate the necessary amount of ATP (Chan, 2006).The mitochondrion take holds its own set of genes although most of its proteins (about 900) are synthesized within and import from the nuclear genome necessary for its respiratory function (Wallace, 2005).The genome guarded by this subcellular organelle relegate from the nuclear chromatin is otherwise referred to as the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Particularly in animals, mtDNAs commonly have a closed-circular molecule, with the exception of certain classes containing linear mtDNA chromosomes (Boore, 1998).These extrachromosomal genomes contain 37 genes composed of 13 protein subunits for enzymes coding for oxidative phosphorylation, two ribosomal RNAs of mitochondrial ribosome, and 22 tRNAs for protein translation. Together with proteins and RNAS synthesized in the cytoplasm, products of these 37 genes allow the mitochondrion to possess its own system facilitating DNA transcription, translation, mRNA processing and protein translation. This circular genome is comprised of a mixture of covalently closed circular monomers and different amounts of concatenated dimers and higher oligomers (Burger et al., 2002).Genes contained in the animal mitochondrion are usually encoded on both strands. The H-strand, or the heavy strand, and the L-strand, or the light strand, are these two menti 1d strands that comprise the genome. Their names are derived from their molecular weight differences caused by their varying base spells. 12 out of the 13 protein coding genes comprise the H-strand while only the single gene left-hand(a) belongs to the L-strand . The genome also contains noncoding regions which are restricted to certain areas known as the D-Loop (Shadel and Clayton 1997).These two strands, the H-strand and the L-strand, originated within the D-Loop, or the displacement loop, region and within a clunk of five tRNA genes respectively. The entire comeback process only commences in the initiation of the H-strand tax deduction, while the L-strand lags behind. The L-strand synthesis tummy only begin when two-thirds of the H-strand synthesis across the circular genome is already completed. Therefore, only in the intiation of H-strand synthesis can mtDNA start replicating. Aside from its mentioned function, the D-Loop region is also the location of two transcriptional promoters (HSP and LSP), one for each strand of mtDNA. Synthesis of polycistronic transcripts for the expression of the majority or all of the genes encoded in each strand are directed by these promoters (Chang and Clayton, 1985).Scientists have speculated that t he mitochondria are derived from eubacterial endosymbionts. This is referable to the possession of mitochondria their own genetic material (DNA) and their own system for genetic expression. Although mitochondria are contained in species belognoing to different kingdoms, they offer enormous differences and even reveal phylogenetic relationships and distances.There are characteristic variations among the three major kingdoms Animalia, Eukaryomycota, and Plantae (including objections). Among animals, their mitochondrial genome is relatively small, having an approximate measurement between 16 and 19 kb, and are compactly ar postd as they lack introns or spacer regions. fungous mtDNAs are considerably tumescentr that animal mtDNAs. Their size is within the range of 17-176 kb and they encode more gene sequences than those of animals.It can be spy that the size range is quite vast, reflecting great variations in genome size. This is not due to coding capacities, instead it can be attr ibuted to the movement of varying sizes of introns and spacer regions. In the case of plants, the genome size range is even more multivariate as it spans 16 to 2400 kb. Its mtDNA is distinctly characterized by a wide variety of gene content and molecular structure, and the variation of the length of spacer regions and introns (Ohta et al., 1998).One of the most extensively study group are those of the protists. Their mtDNAs are considered intermediate in size with a measurement range of 6 to 77 kb. Most of protist genomes are compact having little or no non-coding regions. Although present, intergenic spacers are sparse and are generally small, with some coding regions overlapping. There is an general high niggardness of Adenine and Thymine that are particularly elevated in non-coding intergenic regions (Gray et al., 1997).Mitochondrial genome composition in vertebrates predominantly includes a standard set of genes coding for 13 inner mitochondrial membrane proteins for electro n transport and oxidative phosphorylation functions. Included genes for this function are nad1-6 and 4L, cob, cox1-3 and atp6 and 8. Genes for both large subunit (LSU) and small subunit (SSU) rRNAs are also contained within the animal mitochondrial genome.The mentioned set of mtDNA-encoded genes (plus atp9) is also found in fungal organisms such as Allomyces macrogynus mtDNAs. However, particular ascomycete fungi such as Schizosaccharomyces pombe lack all nad genes. Both animal and fungal mtDNAs do not encode a 5S rRNA nor, with the exception of rps3 in A. macrogynus mtDNA, do they carry any ribosomal protein genes. Terrestrial plants contain mitochondrial genomes with a a few(prenominal) extra respiratory chain protein genes such as nad9 and atp1 in M.polymorpha. besides the most distinct variation of the plant mtDNA from the animal and fungal mtDNAs is the presence of both the 5S rRNA (Gray et al., 1997).Animal mtDNA sequences are found to evolve rapidly however they maintain th eir genetic arrangements for long periods of evolutionary time. A notable example is the same arrangement of humans and trouts. Although there are few exceptions, gene arrangements are considered stable within major taxonomic groups but are variable between them. We can potentially utilize these data comparisons in accommodate phylogenetic conflicts. Greater differences would entail divergence among the taxa. Comparisons of mitochondrial gene arrangements have provided convince phylogenies in several cases where all other data were equivocal, including the relationships among major groups of echinoderms and arthropods (Burger et al., 2002).Although studies in mitochondrial genomes of different taxonomic groups are still inconclusive, it still holds a large potential in revolutionizing the taxonomic field. It has opened avenue for prospective discoveries on the currently unknown areas of biological sciences. Therefore, mitochondrial genome research studies are yet to piss their p innacle and would surely still be an essential focus of phylogenetic sciences.BibliographyBoore, J.L. (1998) Animal Mitochondrial Genomes. Nucleic Acids Research. 27 (8), 1999, pp.1767-1780.Burger, G., Forget, L., Zhu, Y., Gray, M.W., and Lang, B.F. (2002) Uniquemitochondrial genome architecture in unicellular relatives of animals. PNAS, 100 (3), 04 February, pp. 892-897.Chan, D.C. (2006) Mitochondria propulsive Organelles in Disease, Aging, and Development.Cell. No. 125, 30 June, pp. 1241-1252.Chang, D. and Clayton, D. (1985) Priming of human mitochondrial DNA replication occursat the light-strand promoter. Biochemistry. Vol. 82, January, pp. 351-355.Davidson, M. (2004) Mitochondria Internet, Florida State University. Available fromhttp//micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/mitochondria/mitochondria.htmlGray, M., Lang, B.F., Cedergren, R., Golding, G.B.,Lemieux, Sankoff, C.D., Turmel, M., Brossard, N., Delage, E.,Littlejohn, T.G., Plante, I., Rioux, P., Saint-Louis, D., Zhu, Y. andBurger, G . (1997) Genome structure and gene content in protest mitochondrial DNAs. Nucleic Acids Research. 26 (4), 1998, pp. 865-878.Ohta, N., Sato, N., and Kuroiwa, T. (1998) Structure and Organization fo the MitochondrialGenome of the Unicellular Red algae Cyanidioschyzon merolae Deduced from the Complete Nucleotide Sequence. Nucleic Acids Research. 26 (22), 24 September, pp. 5190-5198.Shadel, G. S., and D. A. Clayton. (1997) Mitochondrial DNA maintenance in vertebrates.Annu. Rev. Biochem. 66409435.Wallace, D.C. (2005). A mitochondrial paradigm of metabolic and degenerative diseases,aging, and cancer A dawn for evolutionary medicine. Annu Rev Genet. 39, pp. 359407

Political science as a social science Essay

policy-making Science is in seg workforcetation a complaisant light, and in part a humanity. Both ar important. In this topic, we get step to the fore look at the basics of hearty erudition inquiry, and then proceed to show how this differs from, on the superstar hand, inquiry in the indispensable sciences and, on the early(a), inquiry in the humanities. br otherwisely Science Social science inquiry seeks to develop selective information-based guess. ?Empirical? refers to things that can be experienced through the five senses of seeing, hearing, touching, tasting, or (in the case of political corruption) smelling.Theory? basically means explanation. An empirical theory of political relation, then, is an attempt to beg off why the great unwashed behave the itinerary they do politically. If a sociable scientist (or anyone else) observes citizenry engaging in political behavior, he or she will shoot to focus on certain characteristics of the people being observed. Th e observer may wonder why some people differ from others in their political characteristics. Why, for example, argon some people Liberals eon others atomic number 18 Conservatives and still others are New Democrats.Characteristics that differ from one psyche to another are called one variables. Those that do not are called constants. Constants are generally slight interesting than variables. There is not such(prenominal) acme in trying to explain vote behavior in a country in which only one party appears on the ballot. Of course, we king then ask why some countries have only one party whereas others have multi-party systems, provided now we are treating ? number of parties? as a variables. Everyday language is full of what are, in effect, hypotheses nigh political behavior.For example, talk about a ? sexual activity gap? in voting hypothesizes that vote (the dependent variable) is in part a function of gender (the independent variable), with women more likely to vote for the Liberals or New Democrats and men more likely to vote Conservative. Social science research differs from prevalent discussion of politics in two slipway. The first is where hypotheses dumb implant from. Anyone who follows politics will likely carry around in his or her interrogative a lot of ideas about what explains political behavior.Such ideas may come from personal experience, from conversations with others, or from following politics through the mass media. This is original as well for the ways social scientists think about politics. In addition, however, social scientists develop hypotheses more systematically by pick outing the learned literature for the results of previous research. This is important for at least a fit of reasons. For one thing, it is usually the case that the more you learn what is already cognise about a subject, the more new questions you are likely to have.A review of the literature helps generate new hypotheses. unconstipated more importa nt, social science seeks not that to describe raw facts, plainly to explain why people behave the way that they do. To accomplish this, we need to beat our ideas into a broader theoretical context that offers such an explanation. It is a fact that in the United States, from 1936 through 2000, the incumbent party has always won the government whenever the Washington Redskins won their last home game before the election, and bewildered whenever the Redskins lost.However, since there is no reasonable explanation for why this should be the case, it is me swan an interesting bit of trivia, and no serious observer of politics would hope on it in analyzing the next presidential contest. A second deflexion is that, for many people, ideas about patterns of political behavior remain merely assumptions. Social science insists that the rigorousness of assumptions must be tested against data. Conceptual definition. We need to know, and be able to communicate to others, what our independe nt and dependent variables mean.What, in other words, is the idea in our mind when we determination a term? Definitions found in dictionaries are examples of abstract definitions. Sometimes, the idea that is in our mind when we drill a term will be obvious, but often it will not. Many concepts used in political science are anything but clear. If we are to study political ideology, for example, we need to spell out with as much precision as possible what that concept means in the context of our research. Operational definition. For hypotheses to be tested, we will need to come up with circularments of our variables.An operational definition is one stated in a way that can be directly measured by data. We strive for a one-to-one correspondence between our conceptual definitions and our measurements (operational definitions) of them. If we succeed, then our measurements have validity and reliability. Data needed to provide operational definitions of our variables come from a large -minded variety of sources. We may earn the data ourselves. Analysis of data that we gather in order to test hypotheses that we have formulated is called primary analysis.Often, however, this get along would be totally beyond our resources of time, money, and expertise. A nationwide survey of unexclusive opinion, for example, would take months to intention and carry out, would cost many thousands of dollars, and would require the function of a large survey research organization. Often, secondary analysis of data (that is, analysis of data originally gathered for other purposes) will caseful our needs far better. thence, very important databases are used closely exclusively in secondary analysis. The Census Canada data is a dear example.Other surveys such as the Canadian National Election determine and the General Social Survey were created, in part, for the express purpose of providing musical note survey data for secondary analysis by students of Canadian politics. Indee d much of the work using the Canadian National is based on secondary analysis. To facilitate secondary analysis, the University of Toronto Data Library, and other university-based data archive have been established throughout the world. The largest of these is the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social query (ICPSR) established in 1962.Today, over 500 colleges and universities from all over the world, including the University of Toronto are member institutions. Students and faculty at these institutions obtain datasets that provide the basis for many scholarly books, articles, and conference papers, graduate theses and dissertations, and undergraduate term papers. The Social Sciences and the lifelike Sciences What we have described as the social science method ? the lather to explain empirical phenomena by developing and testing hypotheses ? could as comfortably be called simply ? the scientific method,? without the ? social? qualifier. There are, however, di fferences between social sciences, including political science, and the natural sciences. Though these are differences in degree, they are important. genius difference is that the natural sciences rely much more heavily on experimental design, in which subjects are assigned randomly to groups and in which the detective is able to manipulate the independent variable in order to measure its impact on the dependent variable. Often, when people think about the scientific method, what they have in mind are these sorts of controlled laboratory experiments.In political science, we for the most part are not able to carry out experimental designs. If, for example, we wish to study the impact of party affiliation on decisions by judges, we cannot very well assign judges to different parties, but rather have to take the data as they come to us from observing judges in their natural setting. Experimental design, however, does not bound the natural sciences, nor does its absence define the so cial sciences. Astronomy, for example, must of necessity rely on observation of things that cannot be manipulated. ?Epidemiological? medical research withal relies on non-experimental data. Conversely, the social science discipline of social psychology has been create in large part from experiments in small group laboratories. In political science, a great deal of laboratory research on the impact of campaign commercials has been carried out in recent years. Field experiments are also common, as when survey researchers will test the impact of selection question wordings by splitting their sample and administering different questionnaire forms to different subsets of respondents.Nevertheless, it is honest to say that experimental designs are much less common in the social sciences, including political science, than in the natural sciences. Most of our research design is, in effect, an effort to approximate the logic of experimental design as closely as possible. Other differe nces, also differences in degree, have to do with lower levels of consensus in the social sciences. There is less consensus about conceptual definition. Even if we agree that power is a key concept for the study of politics, we may not agree on what power means.Chemists, on the other hand, not only agree that molecules are important, they also mean slightly much the same thing when they use the term. There is less consensus about operational definition. Chemists also agree on how to measure the atomic saddle of a molecule. Social scientists are far from unanimous in the ways they go about measuring power. It bears repeating that these differences are ones of degree. In the natural sciences there are also disputes at the frontiers of the various disciplines about what concepts are important, what they mean, and how they should be measured.In the social sciences, consensus is likely to break down from the start. Even if we can agree that a particular concept is important, on what it means, and on how it should be measured, we will encounter far larger problems of measurement shift than those in the natural sciences, where measurement is not without error, but is typically much more precise. Finally, remember that we are involved in trying to explain human behavior. People do not seem to behave as predictably as molecules.Philosophers are not in agreement on this point, but it may be that human behavior is inherently less predictabl The fact that we deal with tendencies rather than with laws means that, for the most part (and patronage impressive work by ? rational choice? theorists to develop clump mathematical models of political behavior), political science makes relatively little use of elegant systems of deduction, but considerable use of statistics, which provides us with valuable tools for transaction with probabilities.Despite its unavoidable limitations, political science as a social science has produced an explosion in our knowledge about politics. This has had important operable consequences. For example, no serious aspirant for a major elected means in an economically developed democracy would consider embarking on a campaign without consulting experts in survey research, a signature social science technique. In addition to being, in part, a social science, political science is also in part a humanity. Political science as a humanity means at least a pair of different things.

George S. Patton

conceptionwide Patton and The terzetto ground forces Stephanie B. Lawson American history II Professor Clark Abstract General George S. Patton Jr. lived from November 11, 1885 until December 21, 1945. pull down to mean solar day, Patton is considered to be peerless of the worlds greatest generals. When he was called upon to perform, he al ways meant business, even in emergencies. He led The trey forces into combat with the Nazi Ger humanitys. In little to no time, America recognized The trine troopss great success and bravery. They swept by battles and conquered with admirable confidence, persistence, and excellence.From 1941 until 1943, the Third Army was led by Lieutenant General Walter Kreuger (Province). General Kreuger strived to make the Third Army the best host in the United States. In Kreugers army, there were two men who would later on become very well known. Dwight D. Eisenhower was one of these men. The second was none separate than George S. Patton. As Kre uger approached age 65, he became too old to be in command of the army and changed positions. Lieutenant General Courtney H. Hodges commanded the Third Army after Kreugers leave.Hodges had been in WWI and had also fought down the stairs the leadership of Kreuger. Hodges was not half(prenominal) the leader that Kreuger was, unfortunately. He mostly left his duties to those in position under him (Province). Hodges was eventually re give wayd from his position because of his lack of leadership. However, while Hodges was leading the Third Army, they officially changed from a training army to a combat army on December 31, 1943 (Province). In 1943 on New Years Eve, the Third Army boarded ships for England to undergo training for possible invasions in the coming(prenominal).When they arrived in Scotland, the Third Army met their bare-assed commander General George S. Patton Jr. The day after they had arrived, the Third Army was gathered together. General Patton then proceeded to unwr ap a tremendous but short speech on their future endeavors. He discussed the German Nazis and what they had done, Were here because near crazy Germans decided they were supermen and that they had a right to rule the world. Theyve been pushing people around all everywhere the world, looting, killing, and abusing millions of innocent men, women, and children.They were getting ready to do the same thing to us. We accept to fight to protect ourselves. Patton went on to discuss further low prospect of the Nazis and concluded his speech with, Thats all. Good luck (Province). The same year that Patton began his rule over the Third Army, they started making records. The Third Army shocked the world with its accomplishments. They had only had one general order from Patton Seek out the enemy, peg down him, and destroy him(Province). German soldiers were always wondering what Pattons next move was going to be.Pattons methods were unlike the conventional methods of America, The Third Arm y primarily trapped German soldiers, most of which surrender or were killed. The Third Army and General Patton were agelessly undergoing attack they persisted by dint of the roughest of weather and terrain (Province). Perhaps one of the biggest helps for the Third Army was Americas constant invention of new war methods to overcome their obstacles. The Third Army also greatly succeeded because of their slight teamwork abilities everyone had a specific job and each performed his job to the best of his ability.Front liners were oft the ones killed, and back liners supplied the previous with items such as food, weaponry, and clothing. Patton is quoted as saying, No weigh how small your job might seem, its important in the vast stratagem of things. Every job is important (Province). Patton understood the need for every man in his army. It was this mindset of teamwork and perseverance that pushed this army across France. In 1944, Patton and his Third Army were slowed due to lack o f supplies that were needed.Eisenhower had focused his support on some other mission, causing The Third Army to lose much needed items. legion(predicate) even today feel that if this decision had not been made, the war would commence ended much sooner because of The Third Army. The Germans took this chance to reestablish their front lines. However, The Third Army still pushed forward in whatever ways possible to keep their minds sharp for battle. They built up many supplies during their constrained wait (Province). Once November came, The Third Army finally received favorable reception to continue on with their mission. They went straight for Metz, a German city.They lost some soldiers due to harsh weather conditions, but shocked the world by overcoming without losing many more soldiers. The Germans were obligate to pull back and the city was overtaken (Province). The struggle of The Bulge showed the world just how incredible Patton and his army were time after time, Patton h ad the utmost faith in his staff. Time after time, they astonished American leaders with their success. The Germans had been beaten down, but werent ready to give in. uncomplete were Patton and his army. Despite the cold, frigid conditions, they kept fighting.Patton, in seeing his armys diligence remarked, By God, Im proud of them (Province). On January 28th, the Germans were forced back. The Battle of the Bulge was over. This marked the beginning of the end. Patton and his Third Army were the principal(prenominal) reason The Allies overcame. Pattons great leadership guided them through each battle and brought out the greatness in each solider. Patton displayed constant care and concern for his army, and even once issued a Christmas greeting suppliant card to each soldier. It read, To each officer and soldier in the Third United States Army, I wish a Merry Christmas.I have ample confidence in your courage, devotion to duty, and skill in battle. We march in our might to complete victory. May Gods blessing rest upon each of you on this Christmas Day (Province). Patton played a very significant role in the Allies great success. Without him, we may have still conquered, but he definitely kept many soldiers alive along with Americas passionate hope. Reference The Patton Society Research Library The Third Army in WWII Metal Letters. Patton Society Homepage. Retrieved April 9, 2013, from http//www. pattonhq. com/textfiles/thirdhst. html

Gender Differences in Computer-Mediated Communications Essay

On the Internet, no body knows youre a dog. Herring (2003, p. 205) custodytioned this caption of a subject field bearing published in the New Yorker (July 1993). May be in this age with the internet evolution its hard to know its a dog, solely what almost distinguishing determinationrs sexual urge in computer- arbitrate confabulation (CMC) is it easy or not. This essay tries to shade the light on some(a) of these sexuality differences in computer-mediated confabulation (CMC). This essay demos an idea about computer-mediated conversation (CMC) regularitys and the cleft between CMC expectations and the fact that there ar sexual activity differences in CMC.Then it gives an idea about gender differences in conventional communication followed by exploring gender differences in CMC. First, its important to open an idea about CMC different modes. According to Herring (2003, p. 205), computer mediated communication (CMC) comprises a variety of interactive socio-technical mo des. She gave some examples of these modes such as e-mail, discussion lists and newsgroups, chat, MUDs (Multi-User Di mensions) and MOOs (MUD, Object Oriented), IM (Instant Messaging).Dalampan (2006) classifies CMC modes into coinciding and a contemporary (Figure. 1). The synchronous mode requires communication in real-time. However, the synchronous mode doesnt require interlocutors to be online at the same time. (p. 59) According to Dalampan (2006), the field of computer-mediated communication (CMC) continues to generate interest from sociolinguists who ar concerned with whether the traditional gender differences in face-to-face interaction be carried over into online discourse (p. 59).The problem that all studies tried to investigate is the gap between earlier high gear expectations for CMC concerning providing an environment that creates equity and the fact that gender differences still existed fifty-fifty in CMC environment. Li (2006) saw that many educators and look into ers had high hopes for CMC, believing that it provided much equal overture to selective information and communication and would in conclusion lead to greater equity. Also, Hendry (2001, p. 3) mentioned that earlier research in computer-mediated communication (CMC) set up that CMC promoted favorable equity.She explains that this could be due to predictions by many researchers that CMC would democratize communication and mitigate gender differences. Despite these claims that the relative anonymous communication on the Internet would break down traditional gender binaries, research has determine gender differences in computer-mediated discourse, similar to differences observed in verbalize discourse. (Herring, 2006) In order to determine whether the language subroutined by male persons and females in computer-mediated communication (CMC) reveal gender related differences or not, many studies were conducted.However, according to Li (2006) research findings concerning gender dif ferences in CMC are mixed. However, this essay will search some of these gender differences in CMC in some related studies. Linguists pre prevail long recognized gender as a factor that whitethorn affect persons linguistic productions (Baron, 2005, p. 8). Sociolinguists perk up written extensively about stylistic differences they have observed between males and females in spoken and written language (p. 4).Based on these previous studies, Baron (2005) mentioned some gender linguistic differences such as females tend to use more than politeness indicators than males, whereas males more frequently interrupt woman than vice versa in general, women tend to use language as a tool for facilitating social interaction, whereas males are more prone to use language for conveying information on average, womens speech reflects standard phonological, lexical, and grammatical patterns more than mens does (p. 8).Computer-mediated communication (CMC) has attracted more and more researchers atte ntion as a due to the dramatic increase in the use of the Internet in recent years (Li, 2005, p. 382). According to Baron (2003) linguists and other scientists have been studying CMC for we over a decade (p. 4). The essay now will give some examples for gender differences in CMC. Herring (2006, p. 4) reported a list for women to be more polite, adjunct, emotionally expressive, and less verbose than men in online public forums.Conversely, men are more likely to insult, challenge, express sarcasm, use profanity, and send long messages. Also, Baron (2003) listed some gender differences such as women tend to use more affective markers, more hedges, more politeness markers, and more tag questions. However, men are likely to use more referential language, more profanity, and fewer personal pronouns than women. (p. 9) A study conducted by Li (2006) showed that gender is a considerable factor in the linguistic mise en scene of mathematics and sciences learning apply CMC.Concerning gende r communication patterns, findings show males students are more likely to present their opinions and explanations, but less likely to halt specific suggestions whereas female students tend to ask for a lot of information, but are less likely to provide explanations or opinions. Also, female students tend to initiate conversations, while male students are more likely to tuck the dialogue at later stages and respond to previous discussions. Li (2006) presented a meta analysis for some studies in gender differences in CMC.Her analysis provided answers for one-third main questions first one, what are gender differences in users communication patterns in CMC? Results show that on average, female users had a significantly higher relative frequency of collaborative instances using CMC than males. Also, females had a significantly higher frequency of dispute others and were more personal oriented. young-begetting(prenominal)s, on the other hand, used more authoritative statements. S econd one, to what extent do male and female differ in their interaction pattern in CMC?Results indicated that, on average, there was a bantam but significant gender effect on users participation pattern, male users had a significantly higher frequency of posting messages or having eternal access to the Internet than female users, also, male users have better access to CMC environments. Third question, who would enjoy CMC environment, males or females? Results showed that, on average, there was a check into but significant gender effect on users enjoyment of CMC. Male users enjoyed more CMC environments than their female counterparts.According to Bernard (1998), males tend to dominate group discussions, even when they are in the minority. They even tend to generate more combative and often caustic interactions to the extent that they often marginalize female communication theory to the point of being excluded from the CM interactions. Savicki and Kelley (2000, p. 817) examined whether men and women communicate differently using CMC. They demonstrate that gender composition of the groups is the variable that has the strongest relationship to communication style.Results found that women in small task group developed a significantly different style of communication than men did using CMC with other men. They explained that women in female-only groups were able to overcome the limitations of the text-only format of CMC with self-disclosure, use of I statements and through right away addressing their message to other group members. On the other hand, they found that men in male-only groups ignored the sociomotional aspects of group functioning and were more likely to plunge in a collective monologue approach to discussion with the rise to power of mild flaming.Men in MO groups were less satisfied with the CMC stupefy and showed lower levels of group development. (p. 817) Herring (2003) (Baron, 2005, p. 15) found that on many-to-many asynchronous CMC mode (listservs and newsgroups), males tended to be more adversarial and to write long-acting messages than females, whereas females tended to be more supportive in their postings with shorter messages and more apologizes than males.On the other hand on synchronous many-to-many CMC mode (chat and social MUDs and MOOs), males were more aggressive and insulting, whereas female had more adjust and supportive discourse. By studying IM conversations of college students, Baron (2005) concluded that there are significant gender differences in IM conversations. She found that male-male conversations tend to be shorter and have more of a spoken character, while female-female conversations tend to be longer and have more of a written character. Males use more contractions than do females.(p. 14) On the other side, Dalampan (2006) added the context factor or dimension he concluded that males and females language use seems to be influenced more by the context of use than their gender this may be because both males and females in his archetype were scholars so they were acting like scholars not as males and females. He also concluded that despite the claims of previous research that females used more linguistic qualifiers, hedges, and personal pronouns, the associations were not found to be strong.(p. 65) Another study conducted by Abdul Kadir and Din (2006) shows that there are no significant gender differences in CMC learning mode orientation and learning style. (p. 50) At the end, however research findings may appear to be mixed but findings showed that computer-mediated communication (CMC) couldnt eliminate gender differences as expected after all it is other communication environment. These gender differences are somehow similar to gender differences in spoken and written language.Some findings didnt show significant gender differences this could be due to other factors such as the presence of the instructor in the Dalampan (2006) study. Also, findings were different depending on CMC mode either being synchronous/asynchronous or one-to-one/one-to-many.References Abdul Kadir, R. & Din, R. (2006). Computer Mediated conversation A motivational strategy toward diverse learning style. daybook Pendidikan, 31, pp. 41-51. Retrieved borderland 16, 2008 from http//pkukmweb.ukm. my/penerbit/jurnal_pdf/jpend31_03. pdf Baron, N. S. (2003). Instant Messaging by American College Students A case study in computer-mediated communication. Retrieved surround 16, 2008 from http//www. american. edu/tesol/Baron-SeeYouOnlineCorrected64. pdf Baron, N. S. (2005). See You Online Gender issues in college student use of instant messaging. Retrieved defect 16, 2008 from http//www. american. edu/tesol/Baron-SeeYouOnlineCorrected64. pdf Bernard, M.L. (1998). Gender Interaction Differences Using Computer-Mediated Communication mint the Internet serve as a status equalizer?. Retrieved March 16, 2008 from http//psychology. wichita. edu/mbernard/articles/Gender&Inter net. html Dalampan, A. E. (2006). Gender Issues in Computer-Mediated Communications. TESL working paper, 4 (2). Retrieved March 16, 2008 from http//web1. hpu. edu/images/GraduateStudies/TESL_WPS/10Dalampan_Gender_a17241. pdf Hendry, J. (2001).E-gender or Agenda Are women getting what they want?. ANZMAC 2001. Retrieved March 16, 2008 from http//smib. vuw. ac. nz8081/WWW/ANZMAC2001/anzmac/AUTHORS/pdfs/Hendry. pdf Herring, S. C. & Paolillo, I. C. (2006). Gender and Genre Variation in Weblogs. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 10(4). Retrieved March 16, 2008 from http//www. blogninja. com/jslx. pdf Herring, S. C. (2003). Gender and Power in Online Communication. In J. Holmes and M. Meyerhoff (Eds. ), The Handbook of linguistic communication and G

Book Card: the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay

The report of huckleberry Finn was placed in the 1830s and was wrapped around the thought of thrall and Freedom. cicatrice gallus began writing the report of huckabackleberry Finn in the year 1880 yet as times got harder in the battle of slavery in the south, Twain stopped working on his story for another 2 years. after(prenominal) finishing two other works of literature, Mark Twain formerly again picked up the story of Huck Finn to complete their adventure. Character nominate Huckleberry Finn The main character of this story, Huck Finn goes on adventure with his friend Jim and tom sawyer beetle.Along the way he is put up against obstacles that, for the most part, dedicate him con locatingr the foundation of the logic that society has. Huck Finns start out Hucks Father is a unending drunk. He is shameful and seeks to control Hucks fortune. Tom Sawyer Tom Sawyer is the same age as Huck Finn and his best friend. He is a natural born conman who is able to persuade almo st anyone to do anything that he wants to. Jim An African American who starts out as the slave of Miss Watson and after becomes Hucks travelling companion down the river.Jim at premiere glance does not seem like the smartest character in the story but while on the island Jim shows a hidden intellectual side with the natural world around him. Widow Douglas Widow Douglas is the guardian of Huck Finn in the beginning of the story. She attempts to civilize Huck but he finds the rules in like manner binding for his lifestyle. So as a result he fakes his closing and travels upstream to avoid both Widow Douglas and his father. Judge Thatcher The Judge who issued both Huck and Tom their share of the money and tries to protect Huck from his Father.In the end she is replaced by another judge who ends up allowing handcuffs of Huck and his money to his father. Themes and Motifs The theme of this story is based on the fact that racism was still an issue in the United States, even after the freedom proclamation. With the story of Huckleberry Finn set a few years before Mark Twains Time and portraying the facts of his time, Twain was able to receive a story that showed how blacks were still being downed upon in the Southern States. some other theme of this story is that of the hypocrisy of the United States earlier society in a way that defies logic and reasoning. An example of this is evident in the beginning of the story when the judge gives Hucks father the right of custody to his son, Huck, as well as his fortune in money. This resembles that of the slave long time where huck portrayed as a black slave in this example- is still under the mercy of his father portrayed as the whiten man in society- Literary ElementsOne of the major literary grammatical constituents in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn would be the conflict of the individual (Huck Finn) versus society. Huck Finn is in a constant battle with the people around him when they try to civilize him. Also, the story is told in a more humorous tone which is another literary element that is observable in this novel. Quotes Whats the use you learning to do right, when its difficultnesssome to do right and aint no trouble to do wrong, and the wages is just the same? (Pg. 91) The pitifulest thing out is a mob thats what an army isa mob they dont fight with braveness thats born in them, but with courage thats borrowed from their mass, and from their officers. But a mob without any man at the head of it is beneath pitifulness. (Pg. 146) But I reckon I got to swallow out for the territory ahead of the rest, because Aunt Sally shes passing play to adopt me and sivilize me, and I cant stand it. I been on that point before. (pg. 293) Bibliography Twain, Mark. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Classic Reissue. New York Bantam Dell, 2003.

Puritans, Max Weber Essay

1.Explain prudes wanted to consecrate the Church of England.Puritans were people who wanted to get rid of things that were not state by Jesus Christ or by the Bible. They rejected decisions and traditions formal by the Church (i.e. people). Examples paintings of matinee idol and Jesus, racy ornaments and dcor, hierarchy in Church, selling pardons. They also thought that the temples should be smaller and not so monumental. Puritans beliefs were a threat to the hierarchy and wealth of the English Church, so they were persecuted and unwanted in there. They had to look for a place they could live the way they wanted.2.Describe the Puritans who adapt sail to the States in 1620.Majority of Puritans who set sail to America on Mayflower in 1620 was well-educated and belonged to upper middle home (they were rather rich). Those people couldnt worship God according to their beliefs because their religion was a threat to the Church of England. Puritans were constantly persecuted and the y left to Netherlands, and then to Virginia in Noth America. Their trip resembled Exodus to the promised land. Puritans called themselves Pilgrims, because it was a pilgrimage to the new world where they hoped to be free and to establish the Church there.3.The literary genres Puritans practiced and did not practice.4.Explain the tactile sensation of predestination and how Puritans shaped they lives according to it.Puritans viewd that they dont have some(prenominal) influence on whether they will go to heaven or to hell. They believe that God knows it before they are born and they can do null about it. (There is a paradox of free-will -> although one may be a entire person, he/she can still go to hell.) God may change his mind, but people cannot do anything. For Puritans, the fact that someone is rich and favored means that this person may be predestined, so they dally even ruggeder and look for success, hoping that maybe this would be a sign of their predestination.5.What scriptural events did the first Puritans in America draw parallels to?Puritans considered themselves to be identical pilgrims to the Promised Land, like Jews running from Egypt to Israel. As they wanted to establish a Church they considered it to be a mission.6.How did Max Weber compare Protestants and Catholics in terms of the notions of hard belong and calling?According to Max Weber, Catholics believe that the hard work is their way to salvation. People have to work hard to be good people. Protestants, on the other hand, believe that they should work hard because it is their duty, as this is Gods will and it is useful for the whole country and society. For them it a flesh of vocation. Every Protestant feels the vocation to work and to worship God (Everyone has his ingest mission in life there have to be scurvy farmers and rich lawyers this is Gods will and it is completely normal.) In chance of Catholicism, barely priests feel the vocation to serve God.7.Explain how Max Weber canvas in his discussion of Protestant ethics the notions of work, investment, charity, waste. hold up every Puritan has a vocation to work. It is a duty and Gods will. Work is useful for the whole society thanks to work we make our corporation better. Not leisure and enjoyment, but plainly activity serves to increase the exuberate of God, according to the definite manifestations of His will Investment  If someone has money and is successful in business, it means that he is in Gods favor. bills should be multiplied not wasted and spent on peanut things as luxuries and amusement. Charity if someone needs charity it means that he is a beggar. If someone doesnt work he sins and offends God, as it is a duty to work. Supporting charity means supporting offending God. moulder waste of time is the worst and the deadliest sin. Not leisure and enjoyment, but only activity serves to increase the glory of God, according to the definite manifestations of His will only hard w ork praises God and any other activity is a waste.8.What did a Puritan sermon look like (use in special Sinners in the Hands of an unwarranted God).In the 18th and 19th centuries during the groovy Awakening, major sermons were made at revivals, which were especially popular in the unite States. These sermons were noted for their fire-and-brimstone message, typified by Jonathan Edwardss famous Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God speech. In these sermons the wrath of God was clearly one to be afraid of, although fear was not the message Edwards was trying to convey in his sermons, he was simply trying to tell the people that they could be forgiven for their sins. It combines hopeful imagery of Hell with observations of the world and citations of scripture.

Ways of Forming Words

WAYS OF FORMING WORDS increase is the boy shaping treat in which two or more dustup combine into a single clean sound out. Compound actors line may be written as one interchange or as two linguistic communication joined with a hyphen. Shortening is the joint makeation appendage in which a modelulate is reduced or thinned without changing the meaning of the excogitate. Blending is the word constituteation crop in which move of two or more words combine to create a parvenu word whose meaning is oft a combination of the original words. Affixing is the word brass process in which a prefix, affix or infix attaches to the base form of a word to create a new word.Back- administration is the word formation process in which an actual or suppositional derivational affix detaches from the base form of a word to create a new word. (SIMPSONS EXAMPLE BILLBOARD FOR this evening WRITERS ON WRITING, TOMORROW JANITORS ON JANITING) vicissitude is the word formation process in which a word of one well-form form becomes a word of different grammatical form without any changes to spell out or pronunciation. Abbreviation is the word formation process in which a word or idiomatic expression is shortened.Intialisms argon a type of abbreviation formed by the initial letters of a word or phrase. Acronyms are words formed by the word formation process in which an initialism is pronounced as a word. Eponyms are words formed from the shape of a real of fictitious person. metal money is the word formation process in which a new word is created any deliberately or accidentally without utilise the other word formation processes and often from seemingly nothing. Borrowing is the word formation process in which a word from one language is borrowed directly into some other language.Calquing is the word formation process in which a borrowed word or phrase is literally translated from one language to another. Commonisation is the process of a products brand-na me fit the generic term for that product. Here are some examples of individually of these ways of forming words. succeeding(prenominal) to each one write the manner that has been used. There is one example for each method. Word Method 1. AIDSAcronym (Since the initialism is pronounced deal a actual word already. *other examples, scuba, laser 2. AlgebraBorrowing (from Greek) 3.Band-aidCommonisation for a stick-on gauze bandage pad or strip 4. Break-upCompounding 5. DisappearAffixing 6. ExamShortening 7. Flea grocery store -Calquing since its translated literally from marche aux puces in Paris, supposed because there are so many another(prenominal) second-hand articles sold of all kinds that they are believed to assemblage fleas. 8. Microwave (noun) Microwave (verb)-Conversion (from the grammatical form of a noun to a verb) 9. MotelBlending (motor + hotel) 10. NylonCoining 11. RSVPAbbreviation 12. SandwichEponym (from Earl Sandwich) 13. TeleviseBackformation from television